ClinicSpeak: oxybutynin and brick walls

If you are on oxybutynin find an alternative new generation anticholinergic. #MSBlog #ClinicSpeak

"It feels as if I am banging my head against a brick wall. I saw a new patient yesterday with SPMS who has been on oxybutynin for several years. Why? I have been trying to get oxybutynin banned as a treatment for bladder problems in pwMS; my message is clearly not getting through to pwMS or their continence advisors. Oxybutynin is an old generation anti-cholinergic that crosses the blood-brain-barrier and causes cognitive impairment. People with MS typically have cognitive problems already and are much more susceptible to this particular side effect of oxybutynin. If you are on oxybutynin please discuss switching it for a newer generation anticholinergic with your doctor or continence advisor."


Kay & Ebinger. Preserving cognitive function for patients with overactive bladder: evidence for a differential effect with darifenacin. Int J Clin Pract. 2008 Nov;62(11):1792-800.

BACKGROUND: Antimuscarinic agents used in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) differ in their potential to impair cognitive function. It is hypothesised that low brain concentrations and relatively low selectivity for the M(1) muscarinic receptor may reduce the potential for adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects with darifenacin, compared with other antimuscarinics, particularly oxybutynin.

METHODS: Cognitive function studies evaluating darifenacin, oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin and/or trospium were identified from publications databases (Medline, Biosis and Embase) and congress abstracts. Preclinical studies and randomised controlled trials in adults were reviewed.

RESULTS: Five randomised, double-blind, multiple-dose studies of cognitive function were identified. Oxybutynin was consistently associated with cognitive deficit (four studies), whereas darifenacin did not impair cognition (three studies). These findings were supported by data from sleep/attention and EEG studies. Tolterodine data were limited to one small study with each formulation. For solifenacin and trospium, there were no human studies evaluating memory, the cognitive function most vulnerable to CNS anticholinergics.

CONCLUSIONS: There is compelling evidence of cognitive impairment with oxybutynin, whereas darifenacin stands out by demonstrating noimpairment of memory or other cognitive functions in three randomised, controlled trials. This may be attributed to the differences in physicochemical properties, efflux mechanisms and relative M(1) muscarinic receptor sparing. The risk of CNS impairment is of particular concern for vulnerable populations such as the elderly (a substantial proportion of the OAB population), and CNS-compromised neurogenic bladder patients such as those with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease.

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